Self-efficacy, knowledge, and social support on self-care among senior Korean immigrants with diabetes
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Jung Eun Kim, PhD, RN, Adjunct Faculty - California State University, Los Angeles
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Diabetes is a prevalent chronic disease that significantly affects morbidity and mortality among senior people. There are diverse ethnic populations in the United States, and Korean immigrants are one of the minority immigrant groups. Many senior Korean immigrants report language inadequacy, lack of social support, discrimination, anxiousness in an unfamiliar environment, and poor economic status. These barriers limit them from accessing adequate health care services and resources. Although self-care is the most important key part in managing diabetes, senior Korean immigrants with diabetes face challenges to perform effective self-care activities related to various barriers. However, studies about related factors on self-care among senior Korean immigrants with diabetes are still lacking. The primary purpose of this study was to examine the relationships and effects among socio-demographics, self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, social support, and self-care activities among senior Korean immigrants with diabetes in the United States. This study was guided by Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory. The study aimed to (1) to identify the socio-demographic characteristics of senior Korean immigrants with diabetes in the United States; (2) examine the psychometric properties of the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) scale, the Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Test (S-DKT), the Lubben Social Network Scale-6 (LSNS-6), and the Summary of Diabetes Self-care activities (SDSCA) questionnaire; (3) determine the relationships among socio-demographics, self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, social support, and self-care activities among senior Korean immigrants with diabetes; (4) investigate variables that predict self-care activities among senior Korean immigrants with diabetes; and (5) examine the relationship between 10 exogenous variables (sex, age, years of residency in the US, education level, annual income, coping, confidence, diabetes knowledge, relatives support, and friends support) and five endogenous variables (healthy diet, exercise, blood glucose test, foot care, and unhealthy diet) among senior Korean immigrants with diabetes. A cross-sectional correlation study was conducted among N=190 senior Korean immigrants with diabetes. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), Cronbach Alpha, and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were used to examine reliability and validity of the GSE scale, S-DKT, LSNS-6, and SDSCA. Using path analysis, the direct and indirect effects among the exogenous and endogenous variables were analyzed. The GSE, S-DKT, LSNS-6, and SDSCA presented evidence of reliability and validity in this study. The results show positive correlations among socio-demographics, self-efficacy, diabetes knowledge, and social support. Particularly, diabetes knowledge is a predictor of health diet, exercise, and blood test that are self-care activities. In path analysis, there are direct and indirect effects among four endogenous variables (healthy diet, exercise, blood glucose test, and foot care) and eight exogenous variables (sex, age, years in the US, education level, diabetes knowledge, coping, and confidence).
The study results will be utilized for health care professionals to understand senior Korean immigrants with diabetes and develop culturally tailored strategies to improve self-care among them.
This dissertation has also been disseminated through the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. Dissertation/thesis number: 29256644; ProQuest document ID: 2704863508. The author still retains copyright.
This item has not gone through this repository's peer-review process, but has been accepted by the indicated university or college in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the specified degree.
Type | Dissertation |
Acquisition | Proxy-submission |
Review Type | None: Degree-based Submission |
Format | Text-based Document |
Evidence Level | Cross-Sectional |
Research Approach | Quantitative Research |
Keywords | Korean Immigrants; Diabetes; Social Support; Elderly; Socio-Demographic Factors |
Grantor | Azusa Pacific University |
Advisor | Dee, Vivien; Jiang, Ying; Renold, Lowell |
Level | PhD |
Year | 2022 |
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