The effect of using the Adaptive Crawler™ on the development of infants with spina bifida, age 6-12 months
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Margaret E. Williams, PhD, RN, CRRN, FNP-BC, DDP, FABDA, FARN
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During the timeframe of crawling, age 6--12 months, infants typically interact independently with their environment and their parents in order to perform certain developmental tasks. However, many infants with spina bifida are unable to crawl, as would typically developing infants. The inability to crawl may place these infants at a distinct disadvantage during this developmental timeframe. As a result of the developmental disadvantage, the parent-infant relationship may be negatively affected. For this study, the Adaptive Crawler™ assistive technology infant mobility device was designed, and a prototype created, to promote independent mobility and exploration of their environment by infants with spina bifida, age 6--12 months.
The study evaluated the efficacy of the Adaptive Crawler™ in promoting the development of infants with spina bifida, age 6--12 months. A one-group quasi-experimental study design with repeated measures was used. Infants started using the Adaptive Crawler™ at age 6 months. Developmental testing was performed at ages 6, 8, 10, and 12 months on the domains of physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development using reliable and valid standardized measures. Changes in the parent-infant relationship were also assessed.
Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Spina bifida infants' scores on developmental testing were standardized based on the means and standard deviations of typically developing infants. Six infants with spina bifida and their caregivers participated in the study. Four infants became independently mobile using the Adaptive Crawler™ and two did not become independently mobile. Study results showed that, with use of the Adaptive Crawler™, there were age appropriate changes over time in the infants' physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development, and the parent-infant relationship. Infants with spina bifida who used the Adaptive Crawler™ tended to have z scores that were below those of typical infants matched for age on physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development. However, those who became independently mobile tended to do better with physical and cognitive development, and with the parent-infant relationship, but not with psychosocial development, compared to infants who were not independently mobile using the Adaptive Crawler™. Future research is needed with a larger sample size to better understand the developmental efficacy of the Adaptive Crawler™.
This dissertation has also been disseminated through the ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. Dissertation/thesis number: 3247169; ProQuest document ID: 305336766. The author still retains copyright.
This item has not gone through this repository's peer-review process, but has been accepted by the indicated university or college in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the specified degree.
Type | Dissertation |
Acquisition | Proxy-submission |
Review Type | None: Degree-based Submission |
Format | Text-based Document |
Evidence Level | Quasi-Experimental Study, Other |
Research Approach | Other |
Keywords | Mobility; Parent-Infant Relationships; Infants with Spina Bifida; Developmental Psychology |
Grantor | Georgia State University |
Advisor | Grindal, Cecelia; Carmon, Myra; Matheny, Kenneth |
Level | PhD |
Year | 2006 |
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