Influence of self-esteem, psychological empowerment, and empowering leader behaviors on assertive behaviors of staff nurses
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Ryan Michael F. Oducado, PhD, RN, RM, LPT
- Sigma Affiliation
- Phi Gamma (Virtual)
- Contributor Affiliation(s)
- West Visayas State University, Iloilo City, Philippines
Background: Being assertive is essential skill nurses need to learn and develop. While many studies exist on nurses’ assertiveness, there is limited research on the factors associated with Filipino nurses’ assertive behaviors.
Objective: This study examined the correlation of self-esteem, psychological empowerment, and leader empowering behaviors on staff nurses’ assertiveness in the workplace.
Methods: This cross-sectional study conducted in 2019 involved 223 staff nurses working in two tertiary hospitals in the Philippines. Data were gathered using four validated self-reported scales: self-esteem scale, psychological empowerment scale, leader empowering behavior questionnaire, and workplace assertive behavior questionnaire. Correlational analysis using Pearson’s r was performed to test the relationship between the key variables.
Results: The composite scores for the self-esteem, psychological empowerment, empowering leader behaviors, and workplace assertiveness were 32.06 (SD = 3.65), 4.22 (SD = 0.43), 3.86 (SD = 0.51) and 3.61 (SD = 0.55), respectively. Self-esteem (r = 0.216; p = 0.001), psychological empowerment (r = 0.455, p = 0.000), and empowering leader behaviors (r = 0.269; p = 0.000) were significantly correlated with staff nurses’ assertiveness in the workplace.
Conclusion: Self-esteem, nurse leadership behaviors, and empowerment play vital roles in staff nurses’ assertiveness. Understanding the factors influencing nurses’ assertiveness is important, and looking into these variables can be beneficial for nursing management when developing strategies to build nurses’ assertiveness. Thus, it is vital to focus on helping nurses nurture healthy self-esteem and initiate empowering conditions at work to aid nurses in setting healthy boundaries and supporting assertive behaviors at work.
This work appears in the Sigma Repository pursuant to a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License attached to the work upon its publication in the journal acknowledged in this record. Please refer to the attached license (the icon at the bottom of this entry) for further information and terms. All terms of the license have been followed. The Sigma Repository is sharing this article for educational purposes only. There are no changes in this article from the original posting.
| Type | Article |
| Acquisition | Self-submission |
| Review Type | External Review: Previously Published Material |
| Format | Text-based Document |
| Evidence Level | Cross-Sectional |
| Research Approach | Quantitative Research |
| Keywords | Assertiveness; Nursing Leadership; Philippines |
| Publisher | Belitung Raya Foundation, Indonesia |
| Date | 2021 |
| Version | Publisher’s Version |
| Citation | Oducado, R. M. F. (2021). Influence of self-esteem, psychological empowerment, and empowering leader behaviors on assertive behaviors of staff nurses. Belitung Nursing Journal, 7(3), 179-185. https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.1424 |
| ISSN | 2477-4073 |
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